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Purpose

This template is used to show translatable templates in the language of the current page. Templates, like all other MediaWiki pages, can be translated using the Translate extension, which creates subpages with the form "pagename/language code". The template first checks if the name of the page contains a language code. If it does, it then checks if the template name given as a first parameter has a translation in that language. If the page name does not contain a language code, or if the navigation template doesn't exist in that language, it will display the English template.

Help for choosing the right template for your use case:

I18n templates:	{{Multilingual description|lang= |de,en,default=Deutsch/English |fr=fran?ais |... }}	{{de|Deutsch}} {{en|English}} {{fr|fran?ais}} ...	{{LangSwitch|lang= |de,en,default=Deutsch/English |fr=fran?ais |... }}	{{Autotranslate}}	{{TNT}}
Recommended use at	Categories, galleries	File description pages (deprecated, can be safely replaced by {{Multilingual description}})	Small templates, whenever the previous options are not suitable (removes the visual indication of the language before each translated text)	Data tables with translated cells or larger templates, when used on pages that do not have language subpages (e.g. not having Main page/en, Main page/de) and where the language displayed will be automatically determined by the language set in user preferences	Data tables with translated cells or larger templates, when used on pages that do have language subpages; most of the time these will be pages prepared with the Translate Extension
Requires JavaScript enabled for folding	Yes		No
Folding can be disabled by user	Yes		No
Folding is done server-side	No		Yes
Folding when at least n languages are provided	1 (all translations are shown without folding if the preferred language selected by the user has no matching translation)	4	1
Detection of duplicate, incorrect, or unsupported language codes	Yes	No	Yes
Allows the same translation to be used for several languages	Yes	No	Yes
Supports language fallbacks	No		Yes	No	Yes
Collation order of languages (when not folded)	Consistent order by native language name, languages grouped by script: LTR scripts: Latin, Latin or Cyrillic, Cyrillic, Greek, other simple LTR alphabets (Armenian, Georgian, etc.), abugidas (North Indian, South Indian, other South-East Asian, etc.), syllabaries (European, American, African, Asian), Korean alphabets (basic Jamos, Hangul including some sinograms), Japanese syllabaries (including some sinograms), sinograms (including some syllabaries) RTL scripts: Hebrew, Arabic, other RTL abjads (Divehi, etc.), RTL syllabaries (N'ko)	As provided by the user in the wikitext (any inconsistent order may be difficult to lookup visually)	N/A
Search indexing issues	No (all translations are included on the same page, however search results may be less relevant with many languages mixed)		Yes (may not index all languages depending on search engines, unless there's a list of links for visiting other languages)	Partially (where used; language subpages of templates are indexed)	No (translated pages should include a <languages/> navigation bar for visiting other languages)
Page size issues	Yes (may exhaust size or time limits in the wiki parser if many languages are included; larger pages to download for all visitors; slower navigation for visitors with slow Internet access; may be costly for visitors with limited data plans)		No (only the content for the selected language or a suitable fallback language is present in the generated page)
Contains expensive parser functions	No			Yes (unless there's an editable /lang subpage listing all the existing translations selected with a {{LangSwitch}})

How to use

• {{Translatable template|name of template|parameters....}}
• {{TNT|name of template|parameters....}}
• {{tnt|name of template|parameters....}}

The above simplied syntax cannot work if the named template also needs to be transcluded in other translatable templates, because it would cause self-recursion of {{Translatable template}}. An alternative is to use {{Translatable template name}} which does not expand the template with its parameters, but only returns the resolved template name, which can then be transcluded normally:

• {{{{Translatable template name|name of template}}|parameters....}}
• {{{{TNTN|name of template}}|parameters....}}
• {{{{tntn|name of template}}|parameters....}}

Example (from Commons:Privacy policy):

{{Translatable template|Commons policies and guidelines}} or {{TNT|Commons policies and guidelines}}

which includes translated versions of {{Commons policies and guidelines}} if it exists, or the English version if translations don't exist.

Parameters

The current version of the template may now include any kind of named or numbered parameters, whose values will be transferred into the called template (with the exception of parameter 1 containing the basename of the translatable template to transclude). Numbered parameters will be shifted down by one position, all named parameters will be passed unchanged.

One named parameter is treated specially:

• {{Translatable template|namespace=:somename:|page name|parameters....}}
• {{TNT|namespace=:somename:|page name|parameters....}}
• {{tnt|namespace=:somename:|page name|parameters....}}

This namespace will be used to specify another namespace from which the translatable pagename will be transcluded, instead of referencing the page name from the default :Template: namespace. Note that this parameter is also passed (without modification) within the parameters of the transclusion.

Example with one parameter (from meta:Global sysops):

• {{TNT|:Special global permissions/Seealso|Global sysops}}

where "Global sysops" - is value of first unnamed parameter, transferred into called page meta:Special global permissions/Seealso.

See also

• {{Translatable template name}}, alias {{TNTN}} or {{Tntn}}
• {{Multilingual link}} – choose link to Wikipedia article in the user interface language

Code

local this = {}

function this.checkLanguage(subpage, default)
    --[[Check first if there's an any invalid character that would cause the
        mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag function() to throw an exception:
        - all ASCII controls in [\000-\031\127],
        - double quote ("), sharp sign (#), ampersand (&), apostrophe ('),
        - slash (/), colon (:), semicolon (;), lower than (<), greater than (>),
        - brackets and braces ([, ], {, }), pipe (|), backslash (\\)
        All other characters are accepted, including space and all non-ASCII
        characters (including \192, which is invalid in UTF-8).
    --]]
    if mw.language.isValidCode(subpage) and mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(subpage)
    --[[However "SupportedLanguages" are too restrictive, as they discard many
        valid BCP47 script variants (only because MediaWiki still does not
        define automatic transliterators for them, e.g. "en-dsrt" or
        "fr-brai" for French transliteration in Braille), and country variants,
        (useful in localized data, even if they are no longer used for
        translations, such as zh-cn, also useful for legacy codes).
        We want to avoid matching subpagenames containing any uppercase letter,
        (even if they are considered valid in BCP 47, in which they are
        case-insensitive; they are not "SupportedLanguages" for MediaWiki, so
        they are not "KnownLanguageTags" for MediaWiki).
        To be more restrictive, we exclude any character
        * that is not ASCII and not a lowercase letter, minus-hyphen, or digit,
          or does not start by a letter or does not finish by a letter or digit;
        * or that has more than 8 characters between hyphens;
        * or that has two hyphens;
        * or with specific uses in template subpages and unusable as languages.
    --]]
    or  string.find(subpage, "^[%l][%-%d%l]*[%d%l]$") ~= nil
    and string.find(subpage, "[%d%l][%d%l][%d%l][%d%l][%d%l][%d%l][%d%l][%d%l][%d%l]") == nil
    and string.find(subpage, "%-%-") == nil
    and subpage ~= "doc"
    and subpage ~= "layout"
    and subpage ~= "sandbox"
    and subpage ~= "testcases"
    then
        return subpage
    end
    -- Otherwise there's currently no known language subpage
    return default
end

--[[Get the last subpage of the current page if it is a translation.
    ]]
function this.getLanguageSubpage()
	--[[This code does not work in all namespaces where the Translate tool works.
	--  It works in the main namespace on Meta because it allows subpages there
	--  It would not work in the main namespace of English Wikipedia (but the
	--  articles are monolignual on that wiki).
	--  On Meta-Wiki the main space uses subpages and its pages are translated.
	--  The Translate tool allows translatng pages in all namespaces, even if
	--  the namespace officially does not have subpages.
	--  On Meta-Wiki the Category namespace still does not have subpages enabled,
	--  even if they would be very useful for categorizing templates, that DO have
	--  subpages (for documentatio and tstboxes pages). This is a misconfiguration
	--  bug of Meta-Wiki. The work-around is to split the full title and then
	--  get the last titlepart.
	local subpage = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
	--]]
    local titleparts = mw.text.split(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().fullText, '/')
    local subpage = titleparts[#titleparts]
    return this.checkLanguage(subpage, '')
end

--[[Get the last subpage of the current frame if it is a translation.
    Not used locally.
    ]]
function this.getFrameLanguageSubpage(frame)
    local titleparts = mw.text.split(frame:getParent():getTitle(), '/')
    local subpage = titleparts[#titleparts]
    return this.checkLanguage(subpage, '')
end

--[[Get the language of the current page.
    Not used locally.
    ]]
function this.getLanguage()
    local subpage = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
    return this.checkLanguage(subpage, mw.language.getContentLanguage():getCode())
end

--[[Get the language of the current frame.
    Not used locally.
    ]]
function this.getFrameLanguage(frame)
    local titleparts = mw.text.split(frame:getParent():getTitle(), '/')
    local subpage = titleparts[#titleparts]
    return this.checkLanguage(subpage, mw.language.getContentLanguage():getCode())
end

function this.title(namespace, basepagename, subpage)
    local message, title
    local pagename = basepagename
    if (subpage or '') ~= ''
    then
        pagename = pagename .. '/' .. subpage
    end
    local valid, title = xpcall(function()
            return mw.title.new(pagename, namespace) -- costly
        end, function(msg) -- catch undocumented exception (!?)
            -- thrown when namespace does not exist. The doc still
            -- says it should return a title, even in that case...
            message = msg
        end)
    if valid and title ~= nil and (title.id or 0) ~= 0
    then
        return title
    end
    return { -- "pseudo" mw.title object with id = nil in case of error
        prefixedText = pagename, -- the only property we need below
        message = message -- only for debugging
    }
end

--[[If on a translation subpage (like Foobar/de), this function returns
    a given template in the same language, if the translation is available.
    Otherwise, the template is returned in its default language, without
    modification.
    This is aimed at replacing the current implementation of Template:TNTN.

    This version does not expand the returned template name: this solves the
    problem of self-recursion in TNT when translatable templates need themselves
    to transclude other translable templates (such as Tnavbar).
    ]]
function this.getTranslatedTemplate(frame, withStatus)
    local args = frame.args
    local pagename = args['template']
    
    --[[Check whether the pagename is actually in the Template namespace, or
        if we're transcluding a main-namespace page.
        (added for backward compatibility of Template:TNT)
        ]]
    local title
    local namespace = args['namespace'] or ''
    if (namespace ~= '') -- Checks for namespace parameter for custom ns.
    then
        title = this.title(namespace, pagename) -- Costly
    else -- Supposes that set page is in ns10.
    	namespace = 'Template'
        title = this.title(namespace, pagename) -- Costly
        if title.id == nil
        then -- not found in the Template namespace, assume the main namespace (for backward compatibility)
    	    namespace = ''
            title = this.title(namespace, pagename) -- Costly
        end
    end
    
    -- Get the last subpage and check if it matches a known language code.
    local subpage = args['uselang'] or ''
    if (subpage == '')
    then
        subpage = this.getLanguageSubpage()
    end
    if (subpage == '')
    then
        -- Check if a translation of the pagename exists in English
        local newtitle = this.title(namespace, pagename, 'en') -- Costly
        -- Use the translation when it exists
        if newtitle.id ~= nil
        then
            title = newtitle
        end
    else
        -- Check if a translation of the pagename exists in that language
        local newtitle = this.title(namespace, pagename, subpage) -- Costly
        if newtitle.id == nil
        then
            -- Check if a translation of the pagename exists in English
            newtitle = this.title(namespace, pagename, 'en') -- Costly
        end
        -- Use the translation when it exists
        if newtitle.id ~= nil
        then
            title = newtitle
        end
    end
    -- At this point the title should exist
    if withStatus then
    	-- status returned to Lua function below
        return title.prefixedText, title.id ~= nil
    else
    	-- returned directly to MediaWiki
        return title.prefixedText
    end
end

--[[If on a translation subpage (like Foobar/de), this function renders
    a given template in the same language, if the translation is available.
    Otherwise, the template is rendered in its default language, without
    modification.
    This is aimed at replacing the current implementation of Template:TNT.
    
    Note that translatable templates cannot transclude themselves other
    translatable templates, as it will recurse on TNT. Use TNTN instead
    to return only the effective template name to expand externally, with
    template parameters also provided externally.
    ]]
function this.renderTranslatedTemplate(frame)
	local title, found = this.getTranslatedTemplate(frame, true)
    -- At this point the title should exist prior to performing the expansion
    -- of the template, otherwise render a red link to the missing page
    -- (resolved in its assumed namespace). If we don't tet this here, a
    -- script error would be thrown. Returning a red link is consistant with
    -- MediaWiki behavior when attempting to transclude inexistant templates.
	if not found then
		return '[[' .. title .. ']]'
	end

    -- Copy args pseudo-table to a proper table so we can feed it to expandTemplate.
    -- Then render the pagename.
    local args = frame.args
    local pargs = (frame:getParent() or {}).args
    local arguments = {}
    if (args['noshift'] or '') == ''
    then
        for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
            -- numbered args >= 1 need to be shifted
            local n = tonumber(k) or 0
            if (n > 0)
            then
                if (n >= 2)
                then
                    arguments[n - 1] = v
                end
            else
                arguments[k] = v
            end
        end
    else -- special case where TNT is used as autotranslate
    	-- (don't shift again what is shifted in the invokation)
        for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
            arguments[k] = v
        end
    end
    arguments['template'] = title -- override the existing parameter of the base template name supplied with the full name of the actual template expanded
    arguments['namespace'] = nil -- discard the specified namespace override
    arguments['uselang'] = args['uselang'] -- argument forwarded into parent frame
    arguments['noshift'] = args['noshift'] -- argument forwarded into parent frame
    
    return frame:expandTemplate{title = ':' .. title, args = arguments}
end

return this